Addressing the People's Republic of China / Speech of Mao Zedong

The People’s Republic of China addressed problems such as religion, education, population, employment, and crime through government laws and under Mao Zedong who would make the last decisions.

October 2^nd 1949, the Society union managed to establish diplomatic relations with the new China. This would be accepted by the PRC in order to gain more foreign relations with other countries such as Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and Vietnam by 1951. The government would address foreign relations, as they wanted to gain more communist powers around the world. The Chinese government was trying to empower their government by gaining powerful relations all over the world. Which is probably why they would sign treaties with other countries. As well Mao Zedong, a representative of the PRC would travel in and out of Moscow to sign mutual aid treaties.

Not to forget the Eight National Congress of the CPC (PRC) was held, that would announce its reform in agriculture, handicraft, and industry sectors. This would then aid a large part of communist government to survive.

As well China would start on its works in rebuilding its powerful economy by addressing powerful issues such as education and crime. China believed in state and order, that meant that if someone did a bad deed it would be obtained and written down until a judge would declare guilty or not. In another aspect education after October 1^st, 1949 education became important. In order to keep the Chinese people away from another civil war, they would have to be educated. Education would stabilize the economy and make the goal of sovereignty more applicable. The PRC’s main goal was to improve in technology, which meant that education on science-based or technology-based would be important. This would help China’s economy grow.

China's Timeline 1949

Here's a timeline I made on the Chinese project. It covers most of the important events, though I didn't manage to add all due to the "error" dipity didn't let me upload more events.

China 1949 on Dipity.

These are some more important events that didn't get added:

Huaihai Campaign- November 6, 1948

Huaihai Campaign is a military action in 1948 that was also one of the last battles that determined China’s upcoming government. It was the “Determining battle of the Chinese Civil War”. This lead to the victory of the communist troops.

Location: Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan

The Long March- October 1934

A military event taken under the Red army and the Communist troops, this was undertaken by a series of marches. The long march began under Mao Zedong who organized the march in order to represent the communists. 

Location: Jiangxi to Shaanxi 

Mao Zedong, Shaping the Chinese Economy.

There were many individuals that played key roles in getting China to where it was on October 1949. Mao Zedong the leader of the “communist”, and founder of the People’s Republic of China.


 In addition Zedong was the powerful leader of the Chinese revolution, who managed to put an end on the 20 plus years of civil war. He was a Marxist leader who believed in his intentions and strived for successful goals. He would be referred to Chairman Mao (1^st chairman of the central committee of the communist party) due to his position in the government. He held his power until his death in 1976.

Mao Zedong has a character like no other, he was smart and managed to graduate from the highest level of schooling available in his province. Mao was influenced by communism in an early age. In 1921 he attended a meeting organized by the Communist Party of China while in Peking University. He was determined and interested in studying about communism, which lead to topics such as the Russian Revolution.

In 1948 Mao was responsible for the People’s Liberation Army that occupied the city of Changchun. From June until October it was believed that at least 160,000 people died from the siege. After he began rule in China he moved to the city of Zhongnanhai, which was next to the Forbidden City (in Beijing). He was relaxed and usually worked in his bed or next to his pool. A year later he took the decision to work with the Russian army against the US. He managed to send troops, People’s Volunteer Army, into Korea. As well Mao Zedong pushed the Great Leap Forward, which was triggered from the second Five Year Plan. It was copied from the Soviet model that was supposed to focus on the heavy industry in order to push start the sustainability of the economy. Peasants were to work in big industries and produce iron and steel for the country. This would set back the agriculture, but more hours were added on in order to keep the agriculture industry stable.

Sorry for the poor quality and that it's in Chinese.  

Leading to his death Mao was to address many consequences such as the “near” loss of his position. He had poor health for several years leading to his death. He met up with the Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (of Pakistan) during his visit, this was listed as his last public appearance. September 2, 1976 Mao was found with a heart attack affecting his heart. This was triggered by his lung infection, which he was aware of. Mao organs began to fail as September 9, 1976 proceeded, which lead to the doctors decision to let him die. The doctors chose the 9^th in order to keep a memorable day (9^th day of the 9^th month). His body would be laid in the Great Hall of the People. After this there was a power struggle in China. People were scared and terrified for another civil war. The right wing took control under the chairman named Hua Guofeng, who continued planning the Soviet model. As the left wing led under the leader of Deng Xiaoping who wanted to take care of the Chinese economy, and set it into a market-oriented policy. This led to the reformers who took control and Deng Xiaoping came to power without any blood shed, which the Chinese were happy about. 

Sources: 

http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/MaoZedong

Was the People's Republic of China really successful?

China’s new communist government managed to drive its country into an effective, industrialized, progressive, modern shaped country by gaining foreign relations, improving tax’s, and embodying the country into the right direction for the future.

China has gone through a lot in order to reach the point that it has in October of 1949. The government, People’s Republic of China (PRC), which was enforced in that year, had made an impact not only on the country but also on the rest of the world. China is a big country known for its 20-year civil war, and Mao Zedong has managed to put an end to it.

The PRC can be one of China’s greatest gifts. They say actions speak louder than words, and the PRC has managed to prove that to the world. Though some of the decisions might not be agreed up on of every country. Such as America, where Truman himself had failed to protect China’s rise to communism. In addition China’s decision to join the alliance with the Soviets and fight in the Korean war. In between those decisions China’s fight for sovereignty has been one of the most successful goals it has achieved. The Chinese Revolution has given the PRC a chance to prove themselves.

China has now managed to rise from a “poor and unstable” country, into one of the top leading countries. After October 1949, the PRC prove to be one of the most influential governments China has ever had. They managed to sign alliances with Russia and gain power and control of its people. In that case, during that time, that was the most important achievement. Including the education system, which played key role on the impacts of today’s world. China has managed to educate their people on the technological advancements, which is why they’re a huge exporter of technology today.

The PRC’s actions were loud and clear, their goal for sovereignty was strong and they were willing.  They were the most influential government, and managed to be the most effective. They remained constant and gave Chinese people the opportunity to explore everything possible. Starting with founding the Chinese educational academes, entering the Korean war, seizing control of Tibet, one of the most significant Five Year Plan, beginning nuclear research, and not to forget revolutionizing agricultural methods.  These were all push factors that made China grow as a country.

Though the country was under a lot of stress and opposing forces, it managed to push China into the right direction, and as managed to stay until the present day. Their agriculture would build their economy, which was supported by the government. Jobs and people were industrialized, and some were educated. Everyone had a job in their society and worked together in order to create a network of sustainability. Many people were educated and put into jobs in order to make the country richer. Their alliances with other countries made them a country that stood out in Asia. The People’s Republic of China has managed to be an effective government which remains to drive and succeed their goals. 

People's Republic of China Building a Better future

The main elements that shaped the People’s Republic of China were the foreign policies, educational systems, treaties with other countries, and the goal for sovereignty that managed to lead China into the great leap.

After the civil war China was under the People’s Republic of China, the country would go through many social, political, and economic events that would then become a significant part of China’s history. The civil war was to come to an end after Mao Zedong led the Communists to victory against the Nationalists, after more than 20 years of civil war. This would then lead to the retreat of Chinese government into the island of Taiwan for a new setup.

 Chinese foreignpolicy in 1949 had ordinary characteristics. They had goals that were similar to other nations. The country was determined to protect its rule, power, and territory. They were striving for independence and wanted to work with both powerful and less powerful countries. Beijing’s foreign relations were marked by their history, power, nationalism, worldview of leaders, and government structure. China had good foreign policies that led till the late 1980s. The foreign policies all reflected its hard working country, which took of after the civil war of 1949.

After the PRC emerged, China was able to have a more structured-like government. They took off with social events that would change the country. In the 1950s the Mao began to favor the pro-natalistic population policy. The government would adopt the ideas of the “new human being” which was the idea of transforming family, marriage, and children’s education. These all would lead to the impact of the PRC.

China was determined to find founding’s for the Chineseeducational system. A month after the win of the communist party, the National Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academia Sinica (in Nanjing), and Beiping Academy in Beijing was established. This would support the scientific advancement education, which was based on the “socialization” of the education system. 

Soon enough China would improve its relations between theSoviet Union, where it was to sign the “Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance, and Mutual Assistance”. China and Russia would then work together and trade technological and scientific research, which would affect China’s growth in agriculture and industry. This would then lead to China entering the Korean war, where it would send its Chinese People’s Volunteer Army to invade into the Korean Peninsula, to support its communist (North Korea) alliances. China was to be aided by the Soviets who would assist them with firepower against the United Nations and the USA.

After a few years of rule and positive outcomes of the government, the popular Five Year Plan was introduced, this aimed to establish a Soviet-like style for heavy industries. It was a powerful goal in order to create a nation with fast industrial growth and socialization. The outcome would launch the nuclear research, where it signs a further Sino-Soviet agreement, where both countries would work together in Moscow. 

China’s government was one of the fastest growing during the 1949-1950s. Its agriculture was successful and the country began to build itself into a powerful nation. “New China” would soon be one of the most industrialized and influential countries in Asia. It’s vast amount of education and industrialization in the big populated country would soon impact the rest of the world. 

Sources: 

http://www.china-profile.com/history/hist_society_1.htm

http://blog.uchinatravel.com/?p=120

1949 - A New China

The communist managed to take over China in 1949 led by MaoZedong during the civil war, which was due to poverty, the death of the last successor, and the different political powers.

October 1, 1949 will always be remembered as the day the Chinese Communist leader named Mao Zedong declared the big nation, China, as the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This ceremonywas to be viewed by 300,000 people, only in Beijing’s Tiananmen Squareitself.  It was a phenomenal change under the Chinese government, which would lead to a successful land reform throughout China “accounting for over 90 percent of the total nationalagricultural population”. These are great achievements that were enforced by the First Five-Year Plan period.

The declaration of the new government would change and impact enormous events such as the full-scale civil war they were having between the Chinese Communist Part and the Nationalists Party, also known as Kuomintang. This war broke out after the Second World War. The People’s Republic of China would also end the feud and long process of governmental disturbance known as the Chinese revolution of 1911. In addition this would lead to the United States admission to work with China.

The Question remains: how did the government emerge and what conditions led to its implementation? As simple as it may seem the Chinese Communist Party was created in 1921 in a town called Shanghai. They would join the Nationalists Army in the Northern Expedition (1926-27) to fight the nations warlords that were to avoid the forming of the strong central government. The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) would work within the Nationalist Party.

The civil war in China itself that had gained strength since 1947 would eventually lead to the Communist victory. The Communist seemed weak, as they did not hold major cities after the Second World War. But they were strong and had a tough military that was perfectly organized. Early 1947, the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) was in Taiwan looking for a “potential point of retreat”. The U.S government wanted to maintain its relations with the Nationalist China, but on the other hand it wasn’t ready to be charged with assisting the loss of Chine to communism. This would then soon lead to October 1949, where the military victories would lead to Mao Zedong announcing the creation of the PRC.  After which they fled to Taiwan in order to re-plan their strategies before retaking the mainland. 

The U.S government was determined to take role in China’s change in its government. August 1949, Truman published the “China White Paper” which explains the U.S policy with China. It states, “Only Chinese forces would be allowed to determine the outcome of their civil war”. This would then have no impact on the Chinese whatsoever, as it has failed to protect his policy of protecting china. This would then have led to the vocal Nationalist Government and army to be left in Taiwan, which then would increase the U.S anti-communists. Truman was infatuated by the idea of saving China from communism. Soon enough he would find out in October that the PRC was ready to take over Chinas government.

Sources: 

http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/civil_war_china_1945_to_1949.htm

http://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/ChineseRev

The principle of sovereignty is fundamental in IR.

Sovereignty can be easily established as the authority over one’s existence. This can be applied to many cases, such as individuals, a community, or a nation-state. Here I’m going to talk about how the principle of sovereignty is fundamental in IR. Now let’s question this statement, what does it really mean? Sovereignty can be easily seen as supreme power or authority. This means that for instance, a nation is allowed to become a self-governing state, where it receives national sovereignty.

Going back to the question, what does it really mean when the principle of sovereignty is fundamental in International Relations (IR). There are simple principles of sovereignty. Political self-determination can be easily seen as for individuals, communities or national. Self-determination can be seen as “the ability of the people to govern them without the outside interference—the ability to make our own laws in response to our needs, and to reject laws which are neither needed nor wanted.” When a nation, so to say, is allowed to take over sovereignty, this country or nation should know its own consequences. Hereby I’m talking about taking responsibility and reliability. The country is supposed to be able to govern itself and not be affected by the outside. This means that responsibility and taking charge is key. Now lets talk about economic sovereignty. What does that really mean? We can see it as “the ability of the organism to control its own economy in response to its own needs.” This means that if the country has a growing economy it is responsible for it’s own demand and supply, in another case its own “needs”. This may be an example of keeping its own currency, trading with country, controlling imports and exports, and keeping track of taxes. Another principle can be seen as border control. The country should be responsible and educated about what leaves and enters the country, as they will be responsible for what they inject into the country. Border control can be an example of a green principle, where it strives for maintenance of sustainable population level, which protects its environment.

Sovereignty can also be seen as the independence to survive, and control it’s own country (as we’re speaking and taking note as nations). Food and water self-sufficiency is also determined in sovereignty. Not only is a nation required to get their own natural resources, but food and water sovereignty is the ability to provide these essentials, than being dependent on outside resources, which can be taken away any time. In another case energy independence is also a factor. Having a country in the 21^st century more and more is based on energy. In the world we live today, we need energy for transportation, light, cooking, living and everything possible. Think about the energy we use daily and multiply it for your whole population. THAT’S A HOLE LOT! A goal of a nation-state is always to read sovereignty to achieve energy independence. By that it won’t be able to depend on other countries to be their support system. When achieving energy independence a country does not have to depend on outside sources, they are able to develop their own energy. Self-defense or self-determination basically revolves around power and sovereignty is supreme power or authority, which is why it makes perfectly sense that self-defense and self-determination is a major factor. Sovereignty depends on power, an individual, community, nation needs to be able to defend itself. If it cannot, there’s no real sovereignty. A great example of this can be how Iraq is getting threatened. I mean, why not North Korea? This is merely because North Korea has the bomb. This is an example of sovereignty and being able to defend itself, which is one of the most significant aspects a country could ever have.  

Simply sovereignty is a very powerful in the 21^st century. Everyday we strive for independence and power. People grow up and educate kids in achieving sovereignty. In today’s world everything is about “competition” being “better than everyone”. In schools kids learn to get better grades and be better. Jobs are given to better people, rather than who really deserves it. These are examples why sovereignty is one of the most important issues in today’s world. International relations have been one of the main contributors to sovereignty. We do everything in achieving something, this is why this is so important. Thought sovereignty can be overlooked as something good, that’s not always the case. Sovereignty also creates gaps in humanity. Not only does it give us people a reason to judge and look at human kind as a competition, but it affects the way we spend our daily lives.

It’s practically obvious to say that sovereignty has been part of human nature since caveman’s time. We have just failed to recognize how it has been impacting our lives through the centuries. In today’s world, we are more understanding of our surroundings and more contempt with analyzing human nature. Every country, person, or community strives for sufficiency and independence, but not everyone is able to give that. This is why sovereignty has been a big part of our society. We live by the rules, and encourage competition. Every country is determined to be the wealthiest, protected, self-determined country. This is a great example of the US who strives to be the best in trade and power. This manages to give countries a strong nation and a threat free society from other countries.